El futuro trascendental como determinante de las conductas sustentables y la percepción de felicidad / Transcendental future as a determinant of sustainable behavior and the perception of happiness

Resumen La perspectiva temporal es una variable psicológica que se ha asociado con múltiples comportamientos, entre ellos la conducta sustentable (CS). Son escasos los estudios sobre la relación entre la orientación temporal denominada futuro trascendental y la CS. Objetivo: estimar las relaciones entre dos perspectivas temporales (orientación al futuro y orientación al futuro trascendental) y la conducta sustentable; y su asociación, con el autocuidado y la felicidad. Metodología: estudio correlacional, con un diseño no experimental, transeccional. Participaron 209 personas de una ciudad al noroeste de México, con una edad promedio de 30.33 años, quienes respondieron a un instrumento que constó de ocho escalas Likert que evaluaron perspectiva de futuro, perspectiva temporal de futuro trascendental, conducta proecológica, altruismo, frugalidad, equidad, comportamientos de autocuidado y felicidad subjetiva. Las interrelaciones entre las variables se estimaron mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: las orientaciones temporales al futuro y al futuro trascendental influyen en las conductas sustentables (conducta proecológica, altruismo, frugalidad, equidad), que, a su vez, impactan en la felicidad y el autocuidado de las personas. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos aportan información valiosa que ayuda a elucidar las características que posee un individuo que orienta su conducta a los ideales de la sostenibilidad.

Abstract Time perspective is a psychological variable that has been associated it with multiple behaviors, including sustainable behaviors. Research on transcendental future perspective is scarce, among the studies on temporal perspective and sustainable behavior, none were found on the relationship between transcendental future and SC. Objective: this research was aimed at assessing the relationship between two-time perspectives (future orientation, transcendent future orientation) and sustainable behavior, and its association with self-care and happiness. Method: a correlational study was developed, with a non-experimental, transactional design. Two hundred nine people from a northwestern city in Mexico participated, with an average age of 30.33 years, who responded to an instrument that consisted of eight Likert scales that evaluated future perspective, transcendental future temporal perspective, pro-ecological behavior, altruism, frugality, equity, self-care behaviors, and subjective happiness. Results: the results were processed within a structural equation model, where it is emphasized that temporal orientations to the future and to the transcendental future influence sustainable behaviors (pro-ecological behavior, altruism, frugality, equity), which, in turn, impact on the happiness and self-care of people. Conclusion: these findings provide valuable information that helps elucidate the characteristics of an individual who guides his behavior to sustainability ideals.

Pictographic Representations of the Word "Nature" in Preschool Education Children.

The relevance of preschool children's understanding of nature, its elements, how it affects the behavior of human beings, and how human beings influence it, is a two-purpose task. First, it helps to identify the necessary elements for the design of programs that have a significant impact in the development of environmental identity. Second, it also assists in the implementation of environmental education in the school curriculum in Mexico, in order to develop attitudes to preserve the environment from an early age. Based on this logic, the objective of this study was to identify the components of the concept of nature and its relationship with environmental identity, from drawings made by preschool children in a desert environment through a visual discursive analysis. The sample consisted of 118 preschool students whose ages ranged between 5 and 6 years. Participants were selected from four different schools in Hermosillo, Mexico: three located in the urban area and one on the coastal area of the State of Sonora. Participants were asked to draw the first thing that came to their minds when they heard the word nature. As a result, all the drawings presented categories such as plants, animals, waterbodies, celestial bodies, abiotic factors, natural locations, locations made by man, and others. Finally, the analysis showed that a general idea of what nature represents to children includes elements of known flora and fauna; however, they did not capture elements of the desert region in which they live. In addition, most participants' self-definition contained environmental identity.

Ambiente familiar positivo y bienestar personal: comparación entre población urbana y rural / Positive Family Environment and Personal Well-being: Comparison Between Urban and Rural Populations

Resumen El ambiente familiar se considera uno de los contextos más importantes en la vida de las personas. El presente estudio centró su interés en el bienestar personal que este ambiente sociofísico genera en sus habitantes. El objetivo general fue identificar la relación que existe entre el ambiente familiar positivo (AFP) y el bienestar personal en individuos que viven en zona urbana y rural. La muestra estuvo conformada por 202 personas, de las cuales 68% eran de sexo femenino y 32% del masculino. Las edades oscilaron entre 18 y 76 años con una media de 34.7 (DE = 14.3). Se utilizó un instrumento para medir factores del ambiente sociofísico de las familias y el bienestar personal. Se llevó a cabo el análisis de confiabilidad, estadísticos descriptivos y comparativos, así como un modelo de ecuacio- nes estructurales. Los resultados comprueban que existen diferencias en algunas dimensiones socio- físicas del ambiente familiar entre las personas que habitan en zona urbana y aquellos que residen en área rural. Además, se probó que el factor de orden superior denominado ambiente familiar positivo se encuentra significativamente relacionado con el bienestar de los individuos.

Abstract: Family environment is considered one of the essential contexts in life; one of the reasons is because people spend most of their quality time in the home. This study focused its interest in the positivity that this socio-physical con- text generates in the individual. The study aimed at identifying the relationship between the construct called a posi- tive family environment and the personal well-being of people living in urban and rural contexts. A sample of 202 people gave their answers, 68% woman, and 32% man, the age was between 18 y 76 years old with a mean of 34.7 (SD = 14.3). The instrument combined scales to measure socio-physical components in the family environment and personal well-being. Reliability, descriptive, and comparative analyses, as well as a structural equation model were performed. Results showed the existence of differences between people living in urban and rural zones on most of the socio-physical dimensions of the family environment. A higher-order factor was formed with physical and social aspects, this variable is called a positive family environment, and it is significantly related to personal well-being.

Exploración del concepto naturaleza a partir de redes semánticas naturales en estudiantes de educación básica

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue describir la concepción de la palabra naturaleza desde la perspectiva de niños que estudian educación básica, así como analizar las similitudes y diferencias según el grado escolar. Participaron 272 alumnos de educación básica (172 mujeres y 94 hombres). Como resultado general, se obtuvo tamaño de red (TR) de 203 palabras definidoras de Naturaleza y se incluyeron en el núcleo de red 21 palabras. Aquellas con mayor peso semántico fueron: árboles, plantas, cuidar, sol, agua, flores, tierra, entre otras. Por otra parte, se analizaron redes por grado escolar, donde destacan las palabras que se presentan en todos los núcleos (conjunto SAM) de las redes semánticas: árboles, animales, agua y sol. Asimismo, se observó un aumento en el tamaño de las redes semánticas en función del grado escolar, excluyendo la red de primero grado de primaria que incluía palabras no pertinentes al estímulo.

Abstract The goal of this study was to describe the conception of "nature" in 272 primary school children, and to analyze similarities and differences according to grade. (172 women and 94 men). As a general result, 203 was the network size of words defining "nature", and 21 words were included in the network core; those with greater semantic weight were: trees, plants, caring, sun, water, flowers, land, among others. On the other hand, networks were analyzed by grade, and words common to all nuclei (SAM set) of the semantic networks were trees, animals, water and sun. Also, an increase in the size of semantic networks was observed according to grade, excluding the network of the first grade of Elementary School that included words not pertinent to the stimulus.